Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture in cooperation with the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Minnesotaīrittingham MC, Temple SA (1983) Have cowbirds caused forest songbirds to decline? BioScience 33:31–35īrown DG (2003) Land use and forest cover on private parcels in the Upper Midwest USA, 1970 to 1990.
Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USAīlack JD, Gray LC (1925) Land settlement and colonization in the Great Lakes states (Department Bulletin No. J Am Plann Assoc 63:137–145īawden DL (1977) Four papers on farm family response to a negative income tax. Oikos 71:355–366Īrendt R (1997) Basing cluster techniques on development densities appropriate to the area. US Department of the Interior Geological Survey, Washington, DCĪndrén H (1994) Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat: a review.
State of wisconsin scenery professional#
Geological Survey Professional Paper 964. Understanding which factors influence building density and fragmentation is useful for landscape level planning and ecosystem management in northern Wisconsin and areas that share similar social and environmental constraints.Īnderson JR, Hardy EE, Roach JT, Witmer RE (1976) A land use and land cover classification system for use with remote sensor data. In contrast, agricultural and grassland areas were correlated with higher building density, higher fragmentation, and more dispersed building pattern possible legacies of agricultural settlement patterns. The clustering of buildings within 100 m of lakeshores limited fragmentation farther away.
State of wisconsin scenery full#
A full 40% of the houses were within 100 m of lakeshores. Our results showed that building density and the spatial pattern of buildings were affected mostly by lake area, public land ownership, and the abundance of coniferous forest, agricultural land, and grassland. Patch-level landscape metrics were calculated on the terrestrial area remaining after applying 50, 100 and 250 m disturbance zones around each building. Housing locations were mapped from 117 1:24,000-scale USGS topographic maps across northern Wisconsin. We thus tested three hypotheses relating land cover and land ownership to density and spatial pattern of buildings, and examined whether building density or spatial pattern of buildings was a better predictor for landscape fragmentation. The question is how housing growth has affected landscape fragmentation. Since the 1930s, rural sprawl has been increasing in areas rich in recreational amenities.
Housing growth is prevalent in rural areas in the United States and landscape fragmentation is one of its many effects.
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